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Ciudad de México.- Hay un hueco en la narrativa de la violencia del periodo contrainsurgente en México, la Guerra Sucia, que Alejandra Cartagena López identifica: “No hemos contado las historias de nuestras madres”, lamenta la abogada feminista, hija de Leticia Galarza Campos, integrante de la Liga Comunista 23 de Septiembre, detenida y desaparecida por la Dirección Federal de Seguridad en enero de 1978.
“Si ustedes leen testimonios de aquellos tiempos, van a leer muchos testimonios de los compañeros (y) van a leer pocos de las mujeres. Pero además, donde se refieran al abuso sexual que probablemente pasaron algunas de ellas, no está ahí, no está remarcado”, señala Cartagena, quien además de defender derechos de las mujeres ha dedicado su vida a esclarecer la desaparición de su mamá.
Cartagena habla del enfoque faltante en el abordaje de la violencia contrainsurgente en México: la perspectiva de género. Esta deuda del Estado podría subsanarse con la nueva Comisión para el Acceso a la Verdad, el Esclarecimiento Histórico y el Impulso a la Justicia de Violaciones Graves a los Derechos Humanos cometidas de 1965 a 1990, creada por decreto presidencial el pasado 6 de octubre.
Esta es la primera vez que se diseña una herramienta de ese tipo con la intención de revisar diferenciadamente las violaciones a derechos humanos que vivieron mujeres y hombres durante el periodo. El mandato de investigar con perspectiva de género quedó asentado en las bases para seleccionar a las y los cinco comisionados encargados de investigar los hechos y en el Plan Presidencial Verdad, Memoria y Justicia, un documento elaborado por el gobierno, acordado con los colectivos de familiares y víctimas, en el que se detalla el diseño de la nueva comisión. Destaca que en el decreto de creación, este criterio se especificó sólo en uno de los cinco instrumentos que integran la comisión: el Mecanismo de Verdad y Esclarecimiento Histórico.
Para cumplir este mandato se tendrá que desarrollar una metodología especializada que permita investigar con perspectiva de género algunas violaciones graves a los derechos humanos, entre ellas la tortura sexual.
Para Cartagena, así como para otras familiares de víctimas que participaron en el diseño y planes de la nueva comisión, reconocer la necesidad de una perspectiva de género en la investigación fue una “discusión de importancia” que nunca antes se había tomado en cuenta.
Al aplicar esta perspectiva al análisis de las violencias del pasado se estaría considerando que “hay diferentes circunstancias que nos ponen en un contexto de vulnerabilidad, que se han naturalizado y se han normalizado (…) En este tipo de procesos de guerrilla, donde la violencia sexual contra las mujeres no es algo que se identifique, sino que se toma como parte de la tortura que por ser mujeres vamos a pasar, me parece súper importante que pueda visibilizarse lo que significó ser mujer”, opina Cartagena.
(Proceso/parte del reportaje de su edición impresa 2354)
